Systems and Methods of Customizing Heel Cushioning in Articles of Footwear

ABSTRACT

An article of footwear includes an upper and a sole structure with a sole member. The sole member can be manufactured using a system that modifies the heel cushioning of the sole member over a series of footwear purchases. The modifications can be configured to correspond to a customer&#39;s evaluation of the heel cushioning previously purchased. The sole member can include a set of apertures that are formed along various surfaces of the sole member to adjust the cushioning characteristics of the sole member.

RELATED APPLICATION DATA

This application is: (a) a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 17/190,942 filed Mar. 3, 2021 and entitled “Method of CustomizingHeel Cushioning in Articles of Footwear,” which application is (b) acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/150,820 filed Oct.3, 2018 and entitled “Method of Customizing Heel Cushioning in Articlesof Footwear” (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,977,705 B2), which is (c) acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/055,113 filed Feb.26, 2016 and entitled “Method of Customizing Heel Cushioning in Articlesof Footwear” (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,117,478 B2), each of which isentirely incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

The present embodiments relate generally to articles of footwear, and inparticular to articles with cushioning provisions and methods of makingsuch articles.

Articles of footwear generally include two primary elements: an upperand a sole member. The upper is often formed from a plurality ofmaterial elements (e.g., textiles, polymer sheet layers, foam layers,leather, synthetic leather) that are stitched or adhesively bondedtogether to form a void on the interior of the footwear for comfortablyand securely receiving a foot. More particularly, the upper forms astructure that extends over the instep and toe areas of the foot, alongmedial and lateral sides of the foot, and around a heel area of thefoot. The upper may also incorporate a lacing system to adjust the fitof the footwear, as well as permitting entry and removal of the footfrom the void within the upper.

The sole member is secured to a lower portion of the upper so as to bepositioned between the foot and the ground. In athletic footwear, forexample, the sole member includes a midsole and an outsole. The varioussole components may be formed from a polymer foam material thatattenuates ground reaction forces (i.e., provides cushioning) duringwalking, running, and other ambulatory activities. The sole member mayalso include fluid-filled chambers, plates, moderators, or otherelements that further attenuate forces, enhance stability, or influencethe motions of the foot, for example.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method ofmanufacturing articles of footwear, comprising manufacturing a firstarticle of footwear having a first sole member with a first level ofheel cushioning. The first sole member being formed from a first basesole layer, providing a user with the first article of footwear,providing the user with a rating system for evaluating the first levelof heel cushioning and requesting that the user provide acustomer-selected rating of the first level of heel cushioning, andreceiving the customer-selected rating from the user for the first levelof heel cushioning. The method further includes selecting a second basesole layer similar to the first base sole layer, forming at least afirst aperture in a heel portion of the second base sole layer to form asecond sole member with a second level of heel cushioning, where thesecond level of heel cushioning is determined by the customer-selectedrating of the first level of heel cushioning in the first article offootwear, and providing the user with a second article of footwearincluding the second sole member.

In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method ofmanufacturing articles of footwear, comprising manufacturing a firstarticle of footwear having a first sole member. The first sole memberbeing fixedly attached to the first article of footwear and having afirst level of heel cushioning, where the first sole member is formedfrom a first base sole layer that includes a first heel portion, andproviding a user with the first article of footwear. The method furtherincludes providing the user with a rating system for evaluating thefirst level of heel cushioning and requesting that the user provide acustomer-selected rating of the first level of heel cushioning,receiving the customer-selected rating from the user for the first levelof heel cushioning, then selecting a second base sole layer with asecond heel portion to form a second sole member with a second level ofheel cushioning, where the material composition of the second heelportion is determined by the customer-selected rating of the first levelof heel cushioning in the first article of footwear, and where thesecond heel portion is fixedly attached to the second base sole layer,and providing the user with a second article of footwear that includesthe second sole member, where the second sole member is fixedly attachedto the second article of footwear.

In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method ofmanufacturing articles of footwear, comprising manufacturing a firstarticle of footwear having a first sole member with a first level ofheel cushioning. The first sole member being formed from a first basesole layer, providing a user with the first article of footwear,providing the user with a rating system for evaluating the first levelof heel cushioning and requesting that the user provide acustomer-selected rating of the first level of heel cushioning, andreceiving the customer-selected rating from the user for the first levelof heel cushioning. The method further includes selecting a second basesole layer similar to the first base sole layer, forming at least afirst aperture in a heel portion of the second base sole layer to form asecond sole member with a second level of heel cushioning, where thesecond level of heel cushioning is determined by the customer-selectedrating of the first level of heel cushioning in the first article offootwear, providing the user with a second article of footwear includingthe second sole member, and providing the user with a rating system forevaluating the second level of heel cushioning and requesting that theuser provide a customer-selected rating of the second level of heelcushioning. In addition, the method includes receiving thecustomer-selected rating from the user for the second level of heelcushioning, selecting a third base sole layer similar to the second basesole layer, forming at least a second aperture in a heel portion of thethird base sole layer to form a third sole member with a third level ofheel cushioning, where the third level of heel cushioning is determinedby the customer-selected rating of the second level of heel cushioningin the second article of footwear, and providing the user with a thirdarticle of footwear including the third sole member.

Other systems, methods, features, and advantages of the embodiments willbe, or will become, apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art uponexamination of the following figures and detailed description. It isintended that all such additional systems, methods, features, andadvantages be included within this description and this summary, bewithin the scope of the embodiments, and be protected by the followingclaims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The embodiments can be better understood with reference to the followingdrawings and description. The components in the figures are notnecessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustratingthe principles of the embodiments. Moreover, in the figures, likereference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout thedifferent views.

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a virtual image ofthree articles of footwear and corresponding data;

FIG. 2 is an embodiment of a schematic depiction of a customer's use ofthe customization system;

FIG. 3 is an embodiment of a schematic depiction of a manufacturer's useof the customization system;

FIG. 4 is an embodiment of a flow chart for a method of providing acustom article of footwear to a customer;

FIG. 5 is an embodiment of a flow chart for a method of making a customsole member with apertures;

FIG. 6 is an embodiment of a graph representing the heel-cushioninglevels of a series of articles of footwear;

FIG. 7 is an isometric view of an embodiment of a customer and a storeclerk during the purchase of a first article of footwear;

FIG. 8 is an isometric view of an embodiment of a customer wearing thefirst article of footwear;

FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a customerentering a rating for the heel cushioning of the first article offootwear;

FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the submissionof a customer rating for the heel cushioning to a manufacturer;

FIG. 11 is an isometric view of an embodiment of a manufacturer'sselection of a new base sole layer;

FIG. 12 is an isometric top view of an embodiment of a base sole layerduring the process of forming apertures;

FIG. 13 is an isometric view of an embodiment of an upper and solemember being assembled on a last;

FIG. 14 is an isometric view of an embodiment of a customer receiving asecond article of footwear;

FIG. 15 is an isometric view of an embodiment of a manufacturer'sselection of a new base sole layer;

FIG. 16 is an isometric view of an embodiment of an upper and the newsole member being assembled on a last;

FIG. 17 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a customerentering a rating for the heel cushioning of an article of footwear;

FIG. 18 is an isometric view of an embodiment of a pair of footwearincluding a first sole member and a second sole member;

FIG. 19 is an isometric view of an embodiment of a sole member;

FIG. 20 is an isometric view of an embodiment of a sole member; and

FIG. 21 is an isometric view of an embodiment of a sole member.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The figures depicted herein provide different embodiments of aheel-cushioning system for an article of footwear. A cushioning systemcan include provisions for increasing flexibility, fit, comfort, and/orstability during deformation or use of the cushioning material or thearticle incorporating the cushioning element. Some of the embodiments ofcushioning systems as disclosed herein may be utilized in variousarticles of apparel.

The following discussion and accompanying figures disclose embodimentsof various sole structures for articles of footwear (“articles”) 100, asshown in FIG. 1 . The provisions discussed herein for the article offootwear and sole structure could be incorporated into various otherkinds of footwear including, but not limited to, basketball shoes,hiking boots, soccer shoes, football shoes, sneakers, running shoes,cross-training shoes, rugby shoes, rowing shoes, baseball shoes as wellas other kinds of shoes. Moreover, in some embodiments, the provisionsdiscussed herein for articles could be incorporated into various otherkinds of non-sports-related footwear including, but not limited to,slippers, sandals, high-heeled footwear, and loafers. Accordingly, theconcepts disclosed herein apply to a wide variety of footwear types.

For purposes of clarity, the following detailed description discussesthe features of articles 100. However, it will be understood that otherembodiments may incorporate a corresponding article of footwear (e.g., aleft article of footwear when one of articles 100 is a right article offootwear) that may share some, and possibly all, of the features of anyarticles 100 described herein and shown in the figures.

Furthermore, to assist and clarify the subsequent description of variousembodiments, various terms are defined herein. Unless otherwiseindicated, the following definitions apply throughout this specification(including the claims). For consistency and convenience, directionaladjectives are employed throughout this detailed descriptioncorresponding to the illustrated embodiments. The term “longitudinal” asused throughout this detailed description and in the claims refers to adirection extending a length of a component (e.g., an upper or solecomponent). A longitudinal direction may extend along a longitudinalaxis, which itself extends between a forefoot region and a heel regionof the component. The term “forward” is used to refer to the generaldirection in which the toes of a foot point, and the term “rearward” isused to refer to the opposite direction, i.e., the direction in whichthe heel of the foot is facing. The terms forward and rearward may beused to describe the location of elements relative to one another alongthe sole structure.

In addition, the term “lateral” as used throughout this detaileddescription and in the claims refers to a direction extending along awidth of a component. A lateral direction may extend along a lateralaxis, which itself extends between a medial side and a lateral side of acomponent. In other words, the lateral direction may extend between amedial side and a lateral side of an article of footwear, with thelateral side of the article of footwear being the surface that facesaway from the other foot, and the medial side being the surface thatfaces toward the other foot.

Furthermore, the term “vertical” as used throughout this detaileddescription and in the claims refers to a direction extending along avertical axis, which itself is generally perpendicular to a lateral axisand a longitudinal axis. For example, in cases where an article isplanted flat on a ground surface, a vertical direction may extend fromthe ground surface upward. This detailed description makes use of thesedirectional adjectives in describing an article and various componentsof the article, including an upper, a midsole structure, and/or an outersole structure.

The term “vertical” as used throughout this detailed description and inthe claims refers to a direction generally perpendicular to both thelateral and longitudinal directions. For example, in cases where a soleis planted flat on a ground surface, the vertical direction may extendfrom the ground surface upward. It will be understood that each of thesedirectional adjectives may be applied to individual components of asole. The term “upward” refers to the vertical direction heading awayfrom a ground surface, while the term “downward” refers to the verticaldirection heading toward the ground surface. Similarly, the terms “top,”“upper” (when not used in context of the upper component in an articleof footwear), and other similar terms refer to the portion of an objectsubstantially furthest from the ground in a vertical direction, and theterms “bottom,” “lower,” and other similar terms refer to the portion ofan object substantially closest to the ground in a vertical direction.

The “interior” of a shoe refers to space that is occupied by a wearer'sfoot when the shoe is worn. The “inner side” of a panel or other shoeelement refers to the face of that panel or element that is (or will be)oriented toward the shoe interior in a completed shoe. The “outer side”or “exterior” of an element refers to the face of that element that is(or will be) oriented away from the shoe interior in the completed shoe.In some cases, the inner side of an element may have other elementsbetween that inner side and the interior in the completed shoe.Similarly, an outer side of an element may have other elements betweenthat outer side and the space external to the completed shoe. Inaddition, the term “proximal” refers to a direction that is nearer acenter of a footwear component, or is closer toward a foot when the footis inserted in the article as it is worn by a user. Likewise, the term“distal” refers to a relative position that is further away from acenter of the footwear component or upper. Thus, the terms proximal anddistal may be understood to provide generally opposing terms to describethe relative spatial position of a footwear layer.

Furthermore, throughout the following description, the various layers orcomponents of a sole structure may be described with reference to aproximal side and a distal side. In embodiments in which a solestructure comprises multiple components (as will be discussed furtherbelow), the proximal side will refer to the surface or side of thespecified layer or component that faces the upper and/or faces towardthe foot-receiving interior cavity formed in the article. In addition,the distal side will refer to a side of the component that is oppositeto the proximal side of the component. In some cases, the distal side ofa component is associated with the outermost surface or side. Thus, aproximal side may be a side of a layer or component of the solestructure that is configured to face upward, toward a foot or a portionof an upper. A distal side may be a surface side of a component of asole structure that is configured to face toward a ground surface duringuse of the article.

For purposes of this disclosure, the foregoing directional terms, whenused in reference to an article of footwear, shall refer to the articleof footwear when sitting in an upright position, with the sole facinggroundward, that is, as it would be positioned when worn by a wearerstanding on a substantially level surface.

In addition, for purposes of this disclosure, the term “fixedlyattached” shall refer to two components joined in a manner such that thecomponents may not be readily separated (for example, without destroyingone or both of the components). Exemplary modalities of fixed attachmentmay include joining with permanent adhesive, rivets, stitches, nails,staples, welding or other thermal bonding, or other joining techniques.In addition, two components may be “fixedly attached” by virtue of beingintegrally formed, for example, in a molding process.

For purposes of this disclosure, the term “removably attached” or“removably inserted” shall refer to the joining of two components or acomponent and an element in a manner such that the two components aresecured together, but may be readily detached from one another. Examplesof removable attachment mechanisms may include hook and loop fasteners,friction fit connections, interference fit connections, threadedconnectors, cam-locking connectors, compression of one material withanother, and other such readily detachable connectors.

Referring to FIG. 1 , an embodiment of an overview of one aspect of acustomization system 155 is depicted on a sample display screen(“screen”) 152. In some embodiments, customization system 155 caninclude a record of a purchase history (“purchase history”) 154 for acustomer. In FIG. 1 , a first article 110, a second article 120, and athird article 130 are shown, generally representing purchase history 154over a period of time. As shown on screen 152, in some embodiments, thelisting of first article 110 may further include some details regardingfirst article 110, such as the customer's feedback regarding use offirst article 110. In one embodiment, information regarding firstarticle 110 may be captured or provided in a first assessment record 112by the customer in customization system 155. Similarly, in someembodiments, information regarding second article 120 may be provided ina second assessment record 122 by the customer in customization system155. Furthermore, in some embodiments, information regarding thirdarticle 130 may be provided in a third assessment record 132 by thecustomer in customization system 155.

As will be discussed throughout this description, in some embodiments,the level of heel cushioning in each of articles 100 may be modified. Indifferent embodiments, heel cushioning can be modified or adjusted invarious ways. For example, in some embodiments, a sole member or layerof a sole structure can include one or more apertures 150 that mayaffect the degree of heel cushioning. For purposes of this description,apertures 150 are openings, apertures, holes, tunnels, or spaces thatare disposed within a sole member. Apertures 150 can comprise a void insome embodiments. As will be discussed further below, in someembodiments, apertures 150 are initially formed along an exterior orouter surface of a sole member, and can extend any distance, and alongany orientation, through an interior portion (e.g., the thickness,breadth, or width) of the sole member. It should be understood that theterms exterior or outer surface with reference to a sole member do notnecessarily indicate whether the sole member is actually exposed to theouter elements. Instead, an outer surface or exterior surface refers tothe outermost, outward-facing layer of the sole member. Throughout thespecification, it should be understood that characteristics beingdescribed as associated with a single aperture or aperture set can alsocharacterize any other aperture or aperture set that may be referred toin the various embodiments.

The embodiments described herein may also include or refer totechniques, concepts, features, elements, methods, and/or componentsfrom: (a) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/722,758, filed May 27,2015, titled “Article Of Footwear Comprising A Sole Member WithApertures,” (b) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/722,826, filed May27, 2015, titled “Article Of Footwear Comprising A Sole Member WithGeometric Patterns,” (c) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/722,740,filed May 27, 2015, titled “Article Of Footwear Comprising A Sole MemberWith Regional Patterns,” and (d) U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/722,782, filed May 27, 2015, titled “Article Of Footwear Comprising ASole Member With Aperture Patterns,” the entirety of each applicationbeing herein incorporated by reference.

In some embodiments, apertures 150 can provide means for decoupling orsoftening portions of a sole member in order to enhance its cushioningcharacteristics. For purposes of this disclosure, cushioningcharacteristics refer to the degree of fit, flexibility, cushioning,responsiveness, comfort, resilience, shock absorption, elasticity,and/or stability present in a portion of an element. For example, insome cases, apertures 150 can be formed in side portions and a lowerportion of a sole member to reduce the cross-sectional profile of thesole member at particular regions and/or to facilitate increasedflexibility between various portions of the sole member. In oneembodiment, apertures 150 can be applied to side portions and an upperportion to form regions between adjacent portions of the sole memberthat articulate or bend with respect to one another.

In some embodiments, apertures 150 can have different shapes. In oneembodiment, apertures 150 have a round cross-sectional shape. In otherembodiments, apertures 150 may include a wide variety of othergeometries, including regular and irregular shapes. Apertures 150 mayhave a cross-sectional shape that is elliptical, square, or triangular,for example. In some embodiments, apertures 150 may have a variety ofgeometric shapes that may be chosen to impart specific aesthetic orfunctional properties to a cushioning element. In one embodiment,apertures 150 may comprise a void that has a substantially cylindricalshape. In some embodiments, the cross-sectional diameter of the aperturemay be substantially consistent or uniform throughout the length of theaperture, while in other embodiments, the diameter may change throughthe length of the aperture.

In some embodiments, apertures 150 can be provided on or through a lowersurface (nearer to the ground-contacting surface) or an upper surface(nearer to an upper) of the sole member. In other cases, apertures 150can be provided on or through a side surface of the sole member. In oneembodiment, apertures 150 can be provided on or through the sidesurfaces of the sole member as well as on the lower surface and theupper surface of the sole member.

Generally, apertures 150 can comprise various openings or holes arrangedin a variety of orientations and in a variety of locations on or throughthe sole member. In some embodiments, one or more apertures 150 canextend in a direction generally aligned with a vertical axis through athickness of the sole member. Thus, in one embodiment, an aperturecomprises an opening (i.e., gaps or holes) along an exterior surface ofthe sole member. In other words, apertures 150 may extend from aninitial hole along an exterior surface to form apertures of varyingsizes and lengths through the thickness of a sole member. Apertures 150may be blind-hole apertures in some embodiments, where only one end ofeach of the aperture is open or exposed, while the opposite end of eachof the aperture remains enclosed within the thickness of the element(i.e., only one end of each aperture may be exposed on an exteriorsurface of the element). However, in other embodiments, apertures 150may be through-hole apertures, such that an aperture includes twoexposed ends, and both ends are “open” along an exterior surface of thesole member.

Thus, in the present embodiments, the operation of the sole member caninvolve providing a material variance in the element. The materialvariance can be accomplished by providing voids (apertures), which cancomprise cut-outs through the cushioning element. As will be describedbelow with respect to FIG. 12 , in some embodiments, the cut-outs caninvolve a removal of material from the element, thereby providing softerand/or cushioned regions in the portions that include the apertures.

Referring again to FIG. 1 , it can be seen that each of articles 100includes differently configured sole members relative to the otherarticles 100. For example, first article 110 has a substantiallycontinuous first sole member 115, such that no apertures are present. Incontrast, second article 120 includes a first pattern of apertures 150disposed along the heel region of a second sole member 125. The forefootregion, midfoot region, and heel region of an article of footwear willbe discussed in further detail with respect to the larger view of anarticle of footwear provided in FIG. 7 . Furthermore, a third solemember 135 of third article 130 includes a second pattern of apertures150 that is different from the second pattern of apertures 150 formed insecond sole member 125 of second article 120. As described above, theinclusion of apertures can affect the cushioning characteristics of asole member.

Thus, it may be understood that in the embodiment presented in FIG. 1 ,each sole member in the three articles has different cushioningcharacteristics. For example, in some embodiments, the heel region offirst sole member 115 may be relatively stiffer or more rigid withrespect to the heel regions of either of second sole member 125 andthird sole member 135, due to the absence of any apertures. Furthermore,in some embodiments, the heel region of second sole member 125 maycomprise a greater degree of cushioning (or less stiffness) relative tothe heel region of third sole member 135.

In different embodiments, the varied cushioning characteristics of theheel regions of each sole member in FIG. 1 can be evaluated by acustomer or user. In one embodiment, the assessments for each article offootwear can reflect an evaluation by the customer of the cushioningcharacteristics of the article. For example, first assessment record 112as shown in FIG. 1 lists a user's evaluation of the heel cushioning offirst article 110. In first assessment record 112, it can be seen thatthe customer has provided a rating of “too firm” for first sole member115 in terms of his or her personal heel cushioning preferences, whilethe manufacturer's cushioning level for first sole member 115 isidentified as “5”. It should be understood that any numerals or ratingsdescribed herein are for illustrative purposes only, and any otherrating system may be utilized with the disclosed embodiments. In thiscase, 5 is a rating along a scale from 1 to 10. However, in other cases,the rating scale used by a manufacturer can vary.

Similarly, second assessment record 122 as shown in FIG. 1 lists anevaluation by the same user of the heel cushioning of second article120. In second assessment record 122, it can be seen that the customerhas provided a rating of “too soft” for second sole member 125 in termsof his or her personal heel cushioning preferences, while themanufacturer's cushioning level is identified as “2” for second solemember 125. In addition, third assessment record 132 as shown in FIG. 1lists an evaluation of the heel cushioning of third article 130 by thesame user. In third assessment record 132, it can be seen that thecustomer has provided a rating of “perfect” for third sole member 135 interms of his or her personal heel cushioning preferences, while themanufacturer's cushioning level is identified as “3” for third solemember 135.

Thus, in different embodiments, a customer may be able to purchase orotherwise obtain a series of articles 100 that generally provideincreasingly comfortable and desired heel-cushioning characteristics forthat particular customer. Over a period of time, in some embodiments, acustomer may receive an article that is deemed to be at the “perfect” oroptimal heel cushioning level by the customer.

Referring now to FIG. 2 , an embodiment of a processing cycle for acustomer is depicted. FIG. 2 presents a high-level introduction to thesystem from the perspective of the customer. In some embodiments, a usermay initially purchase or receive a new article of footwear with aparticular level of heel cushioning, as indicated in a first step 210.The user may use the new article of footwear in a second step 220. Afterhaving used the article of footwear, the user may evaluate and providefeedback regarding his or her experience with the article of footwear ina third step 230. The user may continue using the article of footwear ina fourth step 240 before receiving a new article of footwear.

FIG. 3 an embodiment of a processing cycle for a manufacturer isdepicted. FIG. 3 presents a high-level introduction to the system fromthe perspective of the manufacturer. In some embodiments, a manufacturermay sell or provide a new article of footwear to a user with aparticular level of heel cushioning, as indicated in a first step 310.The manufacturer may wait for a period of time (for example, while thearticle of footwear is used) in a second step 320. After waiting, themanufacturer may receive feedback regarding the user's experience withthe article of footwear in a third step 330. The manufacturer maymanufacture a new article of footwear with a new level of heelcushioning in a fourth step 340, where the new level is at least in partbased on the feedback received in third step 330.

It is clear that each of the processes discussed above is cyclical sothat each step can occur multiple times over the lifetime of thecustomer-manufacturer (or customer-proprietor) relationship. Inparticular, and as discussed in further detail below, such a cycleprovides for iterating customizable features in footwear until the pointwhere a given customized feature has been deemed ideal, or close enoughwithin some tolerance, for a user or customer. In other words, the cyclecould be repeated 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and up to N times, where Nis any number. Moreover, the process repeated N times provides a user orcustomer with N or N+1 different pairs of footwear.

The time required to complete a cycle may vary and need not be constantbetween cycles. In some embodiments, a manufacturer may arrange for theprocess to be completed at regular intervals so that a new customizedarticle is provided at regularly scheduled times. However, in otherembodiments, the cycle length could vary according to how long thecustomer waits to provide feedback and/or how long before the customerorders a new pair of footwear and the manufacturer can beginmanufacturing the new customized pair of articles.

Although the embodiments discuss a method conducted by a manufacturer,in other embodiments, the customization method described herein may morebroadly be operated or conducted by a proprietor (or proprietors). Aproprietor may include one or more factories, multiple offices,retailers, and various other establishments associated with a business.Generally, the term “proprietor,” as used here, may also refer todistributors and/or suppliers. In other words, the term proprietor mayalso apply to various operations on the manufacturing side, includingthe operations responsible for parts, labor, and/or retail of thearticle of footwear, as well as other manufacturing side operations.

Referring now to FIG. 4 , an embodiment of an overview of the methoddescribed herein is depicted in a flow chart. In some embodiments, amanufacturer may initially manufacture a first article of footwear witha first level of heel cushioning in a first step 410. The first articleof footwear can be provided to a customer in a second step 420. Inaddition, an evaluation system directed to the heel cushioning can beprovided to the same customer, as shown in a third step 430. The resultsof the evaluation, or the assessment, by the customer may be received bythe manufacturer in a fourth step 440. In a fifth step 450, themanufacturer can manufacture a new article of footwear that has modifiedheel-cushioning characteristics relative to the previous article offootwear for which an evaluation was received (see fourth step 440). Thenew article of footwear can be provided to the customer in a sixth step460. It should be noted that at least the lower four steps (third step430, fourth step 440, fifth step 450, and sixth step 460) of the flowchart may represent a subcycle that can be repeated through this methodmultiple times. In other words, once the customer has received the newarticle of footwear, the customer may continue to provide feedback aboutthe new level of heel cushioning, and also may continue to receive newarticles of footwear with modified cushioning characteristics.

For purposes of clarity to the reader, in some cases, the term ratingsystem may be used interchangeably with evaluation system. The term“evaluation system” as used throughout this detailed description and inthe claims refers to any system that can be used by a customer or userto evaluate one or more articles of footwear. In some embodiments, anevaluation system could comprise a means for evaluating one or morefeatures of an article of footwear, including one or more structuralcharacteristics. An evaluation system can be comprised of one or morequestions or statements that prompt a user to provide evaluation orfeedback in the form of comments and/or selecting one or more of apredefined number of responses. The responses may take the form ofqualitative indicators and/or quantitative indicators.

In some embodiments, an evaluation system may comprise a set ofinformation necessary for a customer to make an evaluation of one ormore structural characteristics of an article of footwear. For example,an evaluation system may incorporate questions, instructions, evaluationcriteria, a scale or range of possible evaluations or ratings, as wellas any other information required for a user to evaluate an article offootwear and provide evaluation information back to the manufacturer (ora third party). As discussed in further detail below, in at least someembodiments, an evaluation system is comprised of one or more physicalresources that allow for a user to efficiently provide evaluations (orratings) directly to the manufacturer. In one embodiment (shown later inFIG. 9 ), an evaluation system includes at least a mobile computingdevice (e.g., a smartphone) that can run an application. By using theapplication, a customer can enter in evaluation information that canthen be transmitted by the mobile device back to computing systemsassociated with the manufacturer.

Thus, in some embodiments, customized sole members as described hereincan be manufactured at least in part based on the preferences ofindividual customers. The sole members can provide a personalized heelcushioning experience in some embodiments. An embodiment of the solemember production process is outlined in the flow chart of FIG. 5 ,generally representing an embodiment of steps that may occur duringfifth step 450 of FIG. 4 . Referring to FIG. 5 , in a first step 510,the information received from the customer's evaluation can be collectedto generate a cushioning or resiliency profile that is associated with amodified level of heel cushioning in a base sole layer or base solecomponent. In a second step 520, the cushioning profile may be used toproduce a custom configuration or pattern of apertures (e.g., position,size, lengths, orientation, etc.) in a sole member. The particularconfiguration of apertures generated may be stored in a virtual ordigital form in some embodiments. Following the production of anaperture pattern, instructions to form the apertures in a sole membermay be prepared or generated in a third step 530. In some cases, theaperture pattern may be converted into a series of commands orinstructions for a system to follow in order to translate the aperturepattern into mechanical or design steps for forming the customized solemember. In a fourth step 540, the instructions are executed and, in afifth step 550, a custom sole member is produced with a modified levelof heel cushioning. A new article of footwear is assembled with the newsole member in a sixth step 560.

The processes described herein (for example, in FIGS. 4 and 5 ) mayoccur in rapid succession and in close proximity to one another in someembodiments. However, in other embodiments, one or more steps may occurspaced apart in time and location. In other words, one step may occur ina first location, and another step may occur in a second location, wherethe first location is different from the second location. For example,the cushioning profile of first step 510 may be produced offsite (e.g.,at a shopping outlet or a medial office, etc.), and the aperture patternof second step 520 may be produced in a manufacturing facility. Inanother example, the instructions for forming the apertures of thirdstep 530 may be prepared or generated in a local site, while the actualproduction of the custom sole member of fifth step 540 may occur in aremote site (e.g., out of state, or abroad).

Referring now to FIG. 6 , an example of a customer'sheel-cushioning-level history for a series of footwear purchases isshown. FIG. 6 is a graph with six data points. It should be understoodthat the data presented herein is for illustrative purposes only, anddoes not limit the type of heel cushioning a customer can be providedwith, nor does it limit the range of feedback that can be provided by acustomer. In FIG. 6 , an example of a series of articles'heel-cushioning levels (illustrated by a series of dots) isschematically represented, where each of the levels are associated witha single customer ID (identified at the top of the graph). In someembodiments, the single customer ID is understood to refer to thepurchase history of a single individual. The graph includes a PurchaseHistory axis 620 (labeled as “New Articles”) and a Heel Cushioning Levelaxis 630 (labeled as “Heel Cushioning Characteristic Value”).

In FIG. 6 , the values along the bottom or x-axis of the chart indicatedifferent articles of footwear that have been manufactured over time(time increases toward the right). In this particular example, a dottedline has been provided to indicate an ideal value 650 in the chart ofthe selected structural characteristic. This ideal value is notnecessarily known ahead of time, and may only be determined by providinga best fit of the data. This chart makes it clear that over time userfeedback affects the value of the structural characteristic in asubsequent article of footwear, and does so in a way that allows theideal value to be honed in on, or found, over time. Generally, each newarticle of footwear has a value for the structural characteristic thatis closer to the ideal value than the values for previous articles.

It may be appreciated that some error between a given structuralcharacteristic value for a particular article and the ideal value mayalways exist, as manufacturing efficiency makes it difficult to providearticles with any continuous value of a particular characteristic (e.g.,width or arch height). However, the customization cycle is intended tooperate so that over time this error is reduced to within at least somethreshold or tolerance of an ideal value. Furthermore, the amount oferror may also depend on how long the cycle is continued. For example, acustomer that has gone through four or five cycles (i.e., purchased andprovided feedback on four or five pairs of footwear) may generally findcharacteristic values that are closer to his or her ideal than acustomer who has only gone through the cycle twice.

It may also be appreciated that the ideal value indicated in FIG. 6could vary as a customer ages, loses weight, or otherwise changes overtime. For example, a customer who initially prefers a high degree ofcushioning in her running shoes may over time develop a preference for alower degree of cushioning. The customization system discussed hereinallows for subsequent articles to be adapted to fit the customer'schanging preferences. Customers, therefore, need not worry about theirparticular shoe width or some absolute cushioning preference inselecting shoes—they can simply provide feedback about their desiredwidth or cushioning levels relative to their current shoes.

When the first article of footwear is purchased, first marker 651 isassociated with a relatively high level of stiffness. In a subsequentpurchase, the same customer ID receives a second article of footwearwith a lower level of stiffness—represented by a second marker 652—relative to first marker 651. The third article of footwear purchased,represented by a third marker 653, has a lower level of stiffnessrelative to second marker 652. In addition, the third article offootwear has the lowest heel stiffness along the entire purchase historyin this embodiment. When a fourth article of footwear is received, asrepresented by a fourth marker 654, it includes a heel-cushioning levelhigher than the third article of footwear (third marker 653), but lowerthan the second article of footwear (second marker 652) such that it isslightly stiffer than the third article of footwear. The fifth articleof footwear, represented by a fifth marker 655, has a heel-cushioninglevel higher than the fourth article of footwear (fourth marker 654),but still lower than the second article of footwear (second marker 652)such that it is slightly stiffer than the fourth article of footwear.Finally, the purchase of the sixth article of footwear, represented by asixth marker 656, includes a heel-cushioning level lower than the fiftharticle of footwear (fifth marker 655), but higher than the fourtharticle of footwear (fourth marker 654) such that it is slightly softerthan the fifth article of footwear.

Thus, it can be seen that in some embodiments, the variance ofcushioning levels can decrease over a series of purchases. In otherwords, the heel-cushioning levels can “stabilize” over time, as thelevel begins to more closely correlate to the desired level ofcushioning of a user. In this embodiment, the desired level is indictedby ideal value 650 (dotted line), generally representing the ideal oroptimal cushioning level for this particular customer.

FIGS. 7-14 provide a sequence of illustrations depicting the processingcycle discussed generally above. FIG. 7 is an embodiment of a customer710 interacting with a store clerk (“clerk”) 720. The interaction mayoccur in a retail environment in some embodiments. It should beunderstood that while FIG. 7 provides one example of the purchase of afirst article of footwear (“first article”) 700, in other embodiments,first article 700 can be obtained by other means, such as through anonline, telephone, or mail-in order, in instances where first article700 is shipped to customer 710, or received as a gift from anotherperson to customer 710. In other words, the use of the term “purchase”is only intended to describe the transfer of the property comprisingfirst article 700 to a customer, and need not require the actualpurchasing of the article from the retailer or manufacturer.

In the magnified view of FIG. 7 , it can be seen that first article 700includes a first sole member 704 exposed by a dotted line representationof an upper 702. As noted above, for consistency and convenience,directional adjectives are employed throughout this detaileddescription. Thus, first article 700 (and other articles in thisdescription) may be divided into three general regions along alongitudinal axis 780: a forefoot region 705, a midfoot region 715, anda heel region 725. Forefoot region 705 generally includes portions offirst article 700 corresponding with the toes and the joints connectingthe metatarsals with the phalanges. Midfoot region 715 generallyincludes portions of first article 700 corresponding with an arch areaof the foot. Heel region 725 generally corresponds with rear portions ofthe foot, including the calcaneus bone. Forefoot region 705, midfootregion 715, and heel region 725 are not intended to demarcate preciseareas of first article 700. Rather, forefoot region 705, midfoot region715, and heel region 725 are intended to represent general relativeareas of first article 700 to aid in the following discussion. Sincevarious features of first article 700 extend beyond one region of firstarticle 700, the terms forefoot region 705, midfoot region 715, and heelregion 725 apply not only to first article 700 but also to the variousfeatures of first article 700, as well as other articles of footweardescribed herein.

In addition, referring to FIG. 7 , for reference purposes, a lateralaxis 790 of first article 700, and any components related to firstarticle 700, may extend between a medial side 765 and a lateral side 785of the foot. Additionally, in some embodiments, longitudinal axis 780may extend from forefoot region 705 to heel region 725. It will beunderstood that each of these directional adjectives may also be appliedto individual components of an article of footwear, such as an upperand/or a sole member. In addition, a vertical axis 770 refers to theaxis perpendicular to a horizontal surface defined by longitudinal axis780 and lateral axis 790.

As noted above, first article 700 may include upper 702 and sole member704. Generally, upper 702 may be any type of upper. In particular, upper702 may have any design, shape, size and/or color. For example, inembodiments where first article 700 is a basketball shoe, upper 702could be a high-top upper that is shaped to provide high support on anankle. In embodiments where first article 700 is a running shoe, upper702 could be a low-top upper.

As shown in FIG. 7 , upper 702 may include one or more material elements(for example, meshes, textiles, foam, leather, and synthetic leather),which may be joined to define an interior void configured to receive afoot of a wearer. The material elements may be selected and arranged toimpart properties such as light weight, durability, air permeability,wear resistance, flexibility, and comfort. Upper 702 may define anopening through which a foot of a wearer may be received into theinterior void.

First sole member 704 may be incorporated into a sole structure (notshown) in some embodiments. In one embodiment, a sole structure mayprimarily comprise first sole member 704. In different embodiments, asole structure may include different components. For example, the solestructure may include an outsole, a midsole, a cushioning layer, and/oran insole. In addition, in some cases, a sole structure can include oneor more cleat members or traction elements that are configured toincrease traction with a ground surface.

In some embodiments, the sole structure may include multiple components,which may individually or collectively provide first article 700 with anumber of attributes, such as support, rigidity, flexibility, stability,cushioning, comfort, reduced weight, or other attributes. In someembodiments, the sole structure may include an insole/sockliner, amidsole, and a ground-contacting outer sole member (“outsole”), whichmay have an exposed, ground-contacting lower surface. In some cases,however, one or more of these components may be omitted. In oneembodiment, first sole member 704 may comprise the entirety orsubstantial entirety of the sole structure, as described herein.

At least a portion of the sole structure may be fixedly attached toupper 702 (for example, with adhesive, stitching, welding, or othersuitable techniques) and may have a configuration that extends betweenupper 702 and the ground. The sole structure may include provisions forattenuating ground reaction forces (that is, cushioning and stabilizingthe foot during vertical and horizontal loading). In addition, the solestructure may be configured to provide traction, impart stability, andcontrol or limit various foot motions, such as pronation, supination, orother motions.

In some embodiments, the sole structure may be configured to providetraction for first article 700. In addition to providing traction, thesole structure may attenuate ground reaction forces when compressedbetween the foot and the ground during walking, running, or otherambulatory activities. The configuration of the sole structure and/orfirst sole member 704 may vary significantly in different embodiments toinclude a variety of conventional or non-conventional structures. Insome cases, the configuration of first sole member 704 or othercomponents of the sole structure can be configured according to one ormore types of ground surfaces on which the sole structure may be used.

For example, the disclosed concepts may be applicable to footwearconfigured for use on any of a variety of surfaces, including indoorsurfaces or outdoor surfaces. The configuration of first sole member 704may vary based on the properties and conditions of the surfaces on whichfirst article 700 is anticipated to be used. In some cases, first solemember 704 may vary depending on whether the surface is hard or soft. Inaddition, the sole structure may be tailored for use in wet or dryconditions. In some other embodiments, the sole structure may beconfigured for a particularly specialized surface or condition. Theproposed footwear upper construction may be applicable to any kind offootwear, such as basketball, soccer, football, and other athleticactivities. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the sole structure may beconfigured to provide traction and stability on hard indoor surfaces(such as hardwood), soft, natural turf surfaces, or on hard, artificialturf surfaces. In some embodiments, the sole structure may be configuredfor use on multiple different surfaces.

In FIG. 7 , it can be seen that first sole member 704 comprises asubstantially continuous material, such that no apertures are present(similar to first sole member 115 of FIG. 1 ). The heel cushioning levelof first sole member 704 may be understood to be associated with a“medium” or intermediate level of cushioning by a manufacturer for thisexample. In addition, for purposes of illustration described herein, itcan be understood that first sole member 704 is associated with whatwill be referred to as a first level of heel cushioning. However, thephrase “first level” should not be understood to limit the customer'spurchase to a specific magnitude of heel cushioning, as a customer mayinitially purchase an article with any degree or type of heelcushioning. Thus, first level in this description is used to generallyidentify and label the degree of cushioning of the first article offootwear and differentiate its heel cushioning from the heel cushioningof a subsequent article of footwear.

In some embodiments, upon receipt of first article 700, customer 710 maywear first article 700. As discussed above, in different embodiments,customer 710 may use first article 700 in a variety of environments oractivities. Referring to FIG. 8 , customer 710 is shown hiking whilewearing first article 700. During this activity, in some embodiments,customer 710 may assess and/or evaluate the heel cushioning provided byfirst sole member 704. Over a period of time, customer 710 may form asense of how he or she feels regarding the level of heel cushioning, andhis or her overall comfort with the initial level. It should beunderstood that in other embodiments a customer can engage in a varietyof different activities, and the evaluation of the heel cushioning canbe made during any of these activities.

In some embodiments, a manufacturer or another source may provide acustomer with a means of submitting his or her feedback regarding theheel cushioning of first article 700 to the manufacturer. FIG. 9 showsan embodiment of customer 710 during use of an application 950 on amobile device 900. In some embodiments, application 950 can comprise arating system for evaluating the first level of heel cushioningassociated with the first article. In one embodiment, interaction withapplication 950 by customer 710 allows customer 710 to enter and/orselect an assessment value corresponding to his or her evaluation of thefirst level of heel cushioning and submit it into application 950. InFIG. 9 , application 950 requests customer 710 rate the heel cushioningon a sliding scale ranging between “too soft” at one end and “too firm”at the opposite end. In one embodiment, the center of the scale—ifselected by a customer—can represent a “perfect” or optimalheel-cushioning rating, such that no change may be desired by thecustomer. In some embodiments, if a customer chooses “perfect,” thesubsequent article of footwear provided can have a sole member with asubstantially similar level of heel cushioning.

It should be understood that the format, presentation, and otherparameters (including the specific query posed to the customer) of therating system may differ from that shown here in different embodiments.In addition, in other embodiments, the rating system may be provided tothe user in different ways. For example, a user may be provided with arating system via e-mail, a web browser, text (SMS), postal mail, at aretail store, or over the telephone, or other means.

Furthermore, it should be understood that, in some embodiments, theevaluation process can occur one or more times, and over any interval ortime period. In some embodiments, a customer may evaluate a pair offootwear after a single use (e.g., a single run or a single sportingpractice). In other embodiments, however, a customer may use thefootwear many times before deciding on a final evaluation. For example,since some articles require a period of days to weeks of use to be fully“broken in,” it may be beneficial for a customer to wait a predeterminedperiod of time (or number of uses) before deciding on an evaluation.Moreover, in some cases, an evaluation system may be configured suchthat a customer is encouraged to submit multiple evaluations over time,thereby providing a more statistically robust measurement of theevaluation or rating. It can also be appreciated that in someembodiments, a customer could wait to provide an evaluation until he orshe is about to place an order for a new pair of footwear. Thus, thefeedback provided in the exemplary customization system can be one-timefeedback or ongoing, and can occur throughout any time in the lifetimeof the footwear.

In the example of FIG. 9 , customer 710 is shown rating the first levelof heel cushioning as being firmer (i.e., stiffer) than they would likeor prefer. Once the assessment is completed, the rating may be submittedto the manufacturer, or another source that can inform the manufacturerof the data. In some embodiments, the manufacturer may request thatcustomer 710 provide the customer-selected rating of the first level ofheel cushioning to the manufacturer.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of some components of a customizationsystem, according to an embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 10 includesvarious systems and devices that may be used to transmit and/or receiveevaluation information as well as systems and devices for storingevaluations to be used in manufacturing customized articles.

Referring to FIG. 10 , a server 1050 may communicate with a mobiledevice 900 over a network 1000. Server 1050 may provide information to,and/or receive information from, mobile device 900. In some embodiments,for example, evaluation information, such as a customer-selectedevaluation, may be transmitted by mobile device 900 to server 1050 overnetwork 1000. Upon receiving the evaluation information, server 1050 maystore some or all of the information in database 1006. In particular,the evaluation information could be stored in one or more tablesassociated with a particular set of customer identification information.Furthermore, a manufacturer may access information in a database, suchas evaluation information, when preparing to manufacture a new articleof footwear for a customer that has provided the evaluation informationand placed an order for a new pair of footwear.

In one embodiment, a manufacturer may receive an alert when feedback isreceived from a customer pertaining to the heel-cushioning level.However, in other embodiments, the information may be transferred fromthe customer to the manufacturer through a variety of methods, such asvia e-mail, a web browser submission form, texting (SMS), postal mail,at a retail store, or over the telephone, or other means.

Both server 1050 and mobile device 900 may be considered more broadly asgeneral “computing systems.” Generally, the term “computing system”refers to the computing resources of a single computer, a portion of thecomputing resources of a single computer, and/or two or more computersin communication with one another. Any of these resources can beoperated by one or more human users. In some embodiments, a computingsystem may include one or more servers. Computing systems may include amicroprocessor, RAM, ROM, and software. Both current and electronicallystored signals may be processed by a central processing unit (CPU) inaccordance with software stored in an electronic memory, such as ROM. Acomputing system can also include one or more storage devices including,but are not limited to, magnetic, optical, magneto-optical, and/ormemory, including volatile memory and non-volatile memory.

Network 1000 may include any wired or wireless provisions thatfacilitate the exchange of information between mobile device 900 andserver 1050. In some embodiments, network 1000 may further includevarious components such as network interface controllers, repeaters,hubs, bridges, switches, routers, modems and firewalls. In some cases,network 1000 may be a wireless network that facilitates wirelesscommunication between two or more systems, devices, and/or components ofa customization system. Examples of wireless networks include, but arenot limited to, wireless personal area networks (including, for example,Bluetooth), wireless local area networks (including networks utilizingthe IEEE 802.11 WLAN standards), wireless mesh networks, mobile devicenetworks as well as other kinds of wireless networks. In other cases,network 1000 could be a wired network including networks whose signalsare facilitated by twister pair wires, coaxial cables, and opticalfibers. In still other cases, a combination of wired and wirelessnetworks and/or connections could be used.

Mobile computing devices can include, but are not limited to,smartphones and other cell phones, PDAs, tablets, laptops as well aspossibly other devices. In some cases, mobile computing devices can runapplications (or “apps”) that operate natively on the computing device.In other cases, an application could be a web application configured tobe run through a browser of a mobile computing device. In still otherembodiments, an evaluation system could be run on a desktop computer orother non-mobile computing device. Such systems could run nativeapplications or web applications using a browser.

In some embodiments, a customization system that includes variousprovisions for conducting a customization cycle or process may alsoinclude applications and user interfaces that allow for browsing,ordering, and purchasing articles of footwear independently from theevaluation process. Thus, for example, some embodiments of acustomization system may include the resources (hardware and software)required to run and maintain a manufacturer's online store. In otherembodiments, such provisions may be considered as separate from thecustomization system.

Once feedback representing the customer-selected rating of the firstlevel of heel cushioning is received by the manufacturer, theinformation can be used to prepare and/or provide a new article offootwear to the customer in some embodiments. In FIG. 11 , an employee1100 is reviewing the customer selected rating on a screen 1150. Screen1150 presents a customer record 1175 that contains several categories ofinformation, including the customer ID that is linked to theinformation, the current level of heel cushioning (with respect to firstarticle 700 of FIG. 7 ), and the feedback by the customer (as discussedin FIG. 9 ). In some embodiments, the system may produce a recommendedlevel of heel cushioning to employee 1100. However, in otherembodiments, one or more categories depicted herein may be omitted, orthere may be additional information included.

Furthermore, in FIG. 11 , employee 1100 is shown selecting a second basesole layer 1110 from a set of base sole layers 1120. In FIG. 11 , set ofbase sole layers 1120 are arranged in four bins 1140. However, in otherembodiments, a base sole layer or set of base sole layers 1120 can bestored or supplied to the manufacturer in any manner known in the art.For purposes of clarity, with respect to the use of terms such as“first” or “second” or “third” base sole layers, in embodiments wherefirst article 700 of FIGS. 7 and 8 includes first sole member 704, firstsole member 704 may be understood to have been manufactured ororiginated as a “first base sole layer.” Thus, in one embodiment, firstbase sole layer and second base sole layer 1110 may be substantiallysimilar. However, in other embodiments, first sole member 704 may havebeen manufactured through a process different from that described hereinwith respect to the manufacture of a second sole member, or comprisedifferent materials. It should further be understood that in otherembodiments, one or more steps described herein can be automated. Forexample, the depiction of employee 1100 in FIG. 11 is for illustrativepurposes only, and the selection of a base sole layer may occur in otherways.

Once second base sole layer 1110 is selected, a manufacturer may modifyor adjust the cushioning characteristics of second base sole layer 1110.Thus, in different embodiments, the recommended cushioning level for thenext article (as mentioned in FIG. 11 ) may trigger one or more events.As described in the flow chart of FIG. 5 , in one embodiment, acushioning profile may be generated, and an aperture profilecorresponding to the cushioning profile can be produced. Once theinstructions have been prepared in accordance with the desired aperturedesign, a particular aperture pattern may be formed on second base solelayer 1110. In some embodiments, the heel-cushioning modifications mayinclude regions of second base sole layer 1110 with one or moreapertures 150 disposed along different portions of second base solelayer 1110. In some embodiments, apertures can be created in a base solelayer using any known methods of cutting or drilling. For example, inone embodiment, shown in FIG. 12 , apertures can be created using lasercutting techniques. Specifically, in some cases, a laser can be used toremove material from a base sole layer in a manner that forms aperturesin the sole member. In another embodiment, a hot knife process could beused for forming apertures in a base sole layer. Examples of methods forforming apertures on a base sole layer are disclosed in McDonald, U.S.Pat. No. 7,607,241, issued Oct. 27, 2009, titled “Article of Footwearwith an Articulated Sole Structure,” (previously U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 11/869,604, filed Oct. 9, 2007), the entirety of which ishereby incorporated by reference.

In other embodiments, however, any other type of cutting method can beused for forming apertures. Furthermore, in some cases, two or moredifferent techniques can be used for forming apertures. As an example,in another embodiment, apertures disposed on a side surface of a basesole layer can be formed using laser cutting, while apertures on a lowersurface of the base sole layer could be formed during a molding process.Still further, different types of techniques could be used according tothe material used for a base sole layer. For example, laser cutting maybe used in cases where the base sole layer is made of a foam material.

FIG. 12 depicts an example of the formation of a second sole memberthrough the drilling of second base sole layer 1110. Referring to FIG.12 , one or more apertures can be applied to or formed in second basesole layer 1110 using a laser drill 1200. In other cases, there may be agreater number of laser drills. In FIG. 12 , laser drill 1200 has begunto engage the material of second base sole layer 1110, and an initialplurality of apertures 150 have been formed along an external, uppersurface 1210 of heel region 725. Each aperture can be associated with anopening 1220 along upper surface 1210. Although only apertures in onegeneral region are shown in this example, it will be understood that asimilar method could be used for creating apertures in any other regionof second base sole layer 1110. It should further be understood thatlaser drill 1200 may include provisions for moving along differentdirections in order to direct the laser beam to the desired location.Furthermore, second base sole layer 1110 may be disposed such that itmay be automatically or manually moved to receive the laser beam at theappropriate location.

It may be recalled that apertures can be formed such that they differ inone or more respects from one another, or they may be formed in auniform manner, such that they are substantially similar in size,length, and shape. Furthermore, it should be understood that laserdrills 1200 may be oriented at an angle different from those shown inFIG. 12 , such that laser drill 1200 can form apertures 150 oriented ina diagonal or non-parallel manner with respect to vertical axis 770,longitudinal axis 780, and/or lateral axis 790. In some embodiments,once all of the apertures 150 corresponding to the aperture pattern forthe specified cushioning level have been formed in second base solelayer 1110, it may be understood that a second sole member 1304 has beenmanufactured (shown in FIG. 13 ).

Thus, as described herein, in some embodiments, the arrangement ofapertures on a sole member could be varied to tune properties of thesole member for specific types of cushioning characteristics. Forexample, in some cases, the arrangement of apertures on a sole membercould be selected according to the degree of cushioning for which thearticle of footwear is intended. In some embodiments, a manufacturercould vary the arrangement of apertures for various types of footwearincluding, but not limited to, soccer footwear, running footwear,cross-training footwear, basketball footwear, as well as other types offootwear, while providing a specified degree of cushioning.Additionally, in other embodiments, the arrangement of apertures on asole member could be varied according to the gender of the intendeduser. For example, in some cases, the aperture arrangements may varybetween footwear for men and footwear for women, if so instructed by acustomer. Still further, in some embodiments, the arrangement ofapertures on a sole member could be varied according to preferences of auser for achieving desired performance effects, if so instructed by acustomer. As an example, a desire for increased flexibility on a lateralside of the article by a customer can be accommodated by increasing thenumber and/or size of apertures on the lateral side of the sole member.

As a result of the inclusion of different possible configurations ofapertures 150, a sole member may have varying responsiveness to forces,and be rated at different cushioning levels. In other words, apertures150 can be disposed in a pattern that can help attenuate ground reactionforces and absorb energy, imparting different cushioning characteristicsto the sole member.

FIG. 13 illustrates an embodiment of a process of assembling an upper1302 with a second sole member 1304 to manufacture a second article offootwear (see FIG. 14 ). Second sole member 1304 includes a firstpattern of apertures (“first pattern”) 1350 formed along heel region725. In some embodiments, first pattern 1350 corresponds to a secondlevel of heel cushioning that is associated with second sole member1304. The second level of heel cushioning is identified as a means ofdistinguishing the cushioning relative to first sole member 704 (seeFIG. 7 ), which, for purposes of illustration, was associated with afirst level of heel cushioning. Thus, second level of heel cushioninghas a value that is different from the value associated with the firstlevel of heel cushioning. In one embodiment, the second level of heelcushioning is softer than the first level of heel cushioning. In someembodiments, first pattern 1350 modifies the second base sole layer toprovide a sole member that has a softer level of cushioning relative tofirst sole member 704 (see FIG. 7 ).

It should be noted that the various degrees of cushioning described andshown here are for purposes of illustration. In some situations, thesole member may exhibit a greater or lesser degree of cushioning in theassembled article of footwear, depending on various factors such as thematerials used in the production of the sole member, as well as itsincorporation in other objects or articles. For example, if a solemember is joined or attached to a less reactive material, thecompressive and/or expansive properties associated with the sole membermay differ, or be limited. In some embodiments, when the sole member isjoined to a strobel or other structure, the capacity of expansion ordeformation may decrease, for example.

Furthermore, articles of the embodiments discussed above may be madefrom materials known in the art for making articles of footwear. Forexample, a sole member may be made from any suitable material including,but not limited to, elastomers, siloxanes, natural rubber, othersynthetic rubbers, aluminum, steel, natural leather, synthetic leather,foams, or plastics. In one embodiment, materials for a sole member canbe selected to enhance the overall flexibility, fit, and stability ofthe article. In one embodiment, a foam material can be used with a solemember, as foam can provide the desired elasticity and strength. Inanother embodiment, a rubber material could be used to make a midsole ofa sole member. In still another embodiment, a thermoplastic materialcould be used with a sole member. For example, in one embodiment,thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) may be used to make a midsole for asole member. In still other embodiments, a sole member may comprise amulti-density insert that comprises at least two regions of differingdensities. For example, in one other embodiment, a midsole of a solemember could be configured to receive one or more inserts.

It should be understood that while only upper 1302 and second solemember 1304 are identified in FIG. 13 , the assembled article offootwear can include any other components associated with footwearincluding, but not limited to, a midsole, insole, outsole, or otherindividual elements associated with footwear. In addition, while a last1300 is illustrated in FIG. 13 , any other kind of assembling device maybe used including, but not limited to, a mold, a foundational element, acast, or other such devices and/or pieces. Thus, as shown herein, secondsole member 1304 is fixedly attached to upper 1302.

Once assembled, upper 1302 and second sole member 1304 may be providedto customer 710 in the form of a second article of footwear (“secondarticle”) 1400, shown in FIG. 14 . FIG. 14 depicts an embodiment ofcustomer 710 with a pair of footwear 1450 that includes second article1400. Similar to first article 700, second article 1400 can be obtainedin a variety of ways, such as in a retail store, or through an online,telephone, or mail-in order (in instances where second article 1400 isshipped to customer 710), or where second article 1400 is received as agift from another person to customer 710. In the magnified view of FIG.14 , it can be seen that second article 1400 includes second sole member1304 with first pattern 1350, exposed by a dotted line representation ofan upper 1302. The heel-cushioning level of second sole member 1304 maybe understood to be semi-soft or “intermediate soft” for this example.However, in other cases, a customer may purchase a second article withany level of heel cushioning.

In some embodiments, upon receipt of second article 1400, customer 710may wear second article 1400. As discussed above, in differentembodiments, customer 710 may use first article 700 in a variety ofenvironments or activities. During various activities, in someembodiments, customer 710 may evaluate the heel cushioning provided bysecond sole member 1304. Over a period of time, customer 710 may form asense of how he or she feels regarding the new level of heel cushioning,and assess his or her overall comfort with second article 1400. Indifferent embodiments, a similar series of steps as described above withrespect to the first article may occur. For example, customer 710 may beprovided with a means of submitting his or her feedback regarding theheel cushioning of second article 1400 to the manufacturer in someembodiments. In addition, customer 710 may be asked to submit anassessment with respect to the second level of heel cushioning to themanufacturer. In some embodiments, once the feedback representing thecustomer-selected rating of the second level of heel cushioning isreceived by the manufacturer, the information can be used to prepareand/or provide a new article of footwear to the customer. A third basesole layer can be selected that will be modified to provide the customerwith a third sole member. In one embodiment, the third base sole layercan be similar to the first base sole layer or second base sole layer.As detailed above, in some embodiments, the third base sole layer can bemodified through the inclusion of various patterns or arrangements ofapertures formed in the heel region of the base sole layer. The thirdsole member can be assembled with an upper to manufacture a new thirdarticle of footwear to the customer with a third level of heelcushioning. Thus, the cycle of modifying the heel cushioning asdescribed herein may be repeated any number of times.

In contrast to FIG. 7 , in different embodiments, customer 710 can beprovided a new level of heel cushioning through a specific selection ofa base sole layer that includes different cushioning properties relativeto the base sole layer of the previously provided article of footwear.For example, referring to FIG. 15 , once the feedback representing thecustomer-selected rating of the first level (or subsequent levels) ofheel cushioning is received by the manufacturer, the information can beused to prepare and/or provide a new article of footwear to the customerin some embodiments. In FIG. 15 , employee 1100 is reviewing thecustomer-selected rating on a screen 1550. Screen 1550 presents acustomer record 1575 that contains several categories of information toemployee 1100, including the customer ID that is linked to theinformation, the current level of heel cushioning (here, with respect tofirst article 700 of FIG. 7 , identified by the numeral “5”), and thefeedback by the customer (as discussed in FIG. 9 ), shown here as “toofirm”. In some embodiments, the system may produce a recommended levelof heel cushioning to employee 1100, which in this case is identified as“2”. However, in other embodiments, one or more categories depictedherein may be omitted, or there may be additional information included.Thus, in different embodiments, there may be various ways of describingthe level of heel cushioning. For example, while numbers are used torate or categorize the cushioning characteristics in FIG. 15 , phrasesor letters (or other alphanumerics or symbols) may be used to representthe same information in different embodiments.

In FIG. 15 , employee 1100 is shown as he selects a third base solelayer 1510 from a set of base sole layers 1520. In FIG. 15 , set of basesole layers 1520 are arranged in four bins 1540. However, in otherembodiments, a base sole layer or set of base sole layers 1520 can bestored or supplied to the manufacturer in any manner known in the art.

In addition, in the embodiment of FIG. 15 , bins 1540 comprise a firstbin 1542, a second bin 1544, a third bin 1546, and a fourth bin 1548.Each bin contains a plurality of base sole members and, for illustrativepurposes, each bin in this embodiment represents a different grouping orassortment of base sole layers. For example, first bin 1542 includes afirst group of base sole layers (“first group”) 1543, second bin 1544includes a second group of base sole layers (“second group”) 1545, thirdbin 1546 includes a third group of base sole layers (“third group”)1547, and fourth bin 1548 includes a fourth group of base sole layers(“fourth group”) 1549. In other embodiments, there may be a fewer numberor greater number of base sole layer groups. In some embodiments, theremay be groups or bins containing base sole layers made of materialsassociated with each degree of heel cushioning, for example.

In different embodiments, each base sole layer includes a heel portion.The heel portion can be understood to comprise the portion of the basesole layer located in the heel region of the base sole layer. In otherwords, the heel portion is integrally formed with or fixedly attached tothe remainder of the base sole layer. More particularly, in someembodiments, a heel portion of each base sole layer can comprise amaterial that provides a specific level of heel cushioning to the basesole layer.

Thus, in some embodiments, each group of base sole layers can comprisecushioning characteristics that differ from the other groups. In FIG. 15, at least the heel portion of each base sole layer of first group 1543is made of a first type of material(s), at least the heel portion ofeach base sole layer of second group 1545 is made of a second type ofmaterial(s), at least the heel portion of each base sole layer of thirdgroup 1547 is made of a third type of material(s), and at least the heelportion of each base sole layer of fourth group 1549 is made of a fourthtype of material(s), where the first type, second type, third type, andfourth type of materials each differ from one another. In someembodiments, the entirety of each of the base sole layers can be made ofsubstantially similar material(s) as the heel portion.

In different embodiments, the heel portions of the base sole layers maybe formed from any suitable material having the cushioning propertiesdescribed herein, and/or according to the activity for which theassembled article of footwear is intended. In some embodiments, thefirst type, second type, third type, or fourth type of materials mayinclude a foamed polymer material, such as polyurethane (PU), ethylvinyl acetate (EVA), other polymer foam materials, or any other suitablematerial that operates to attenuate ground reaction forces as the solemember is worn by a user during walking, running, or other ambulatoryactivities. In some cases, the first type, second type, third type, orfourth type of materials may include plastics, thermoplastics, foams,rubbers, composite materials, elastomeric materials, as well as anyother kinds of materials. In one embodiment, the first type, secondtype, third type, or fourth type of materials may comprise a rubber or arubber-coated material with a high level of grip. It will also beunderstood that in other embodiments, any of the first type, secondtype, third type, or fourth type of materials could be made ofsubstantially different materials than those listed here.

In addition, in other embodiments, the material selected for differentparts of a sole member may possess sufficient durability to withstandthe repetitive compressive and bending forces that are generated duringrunning or other athletic activities. In some embodiments, thematerial(s) may include polymers such as urethane or nylon; resins;metals such as aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, or lightweightalloys; or composite materials that combine carbon or glass fibers witha polymer material, ABS plastics, PLA, glass-filled polyamides,stereolithography materials (epoxy resins), silver, titanium, steel,wax, photopolymers, and polycarbonate. The customized sole member mayalso be formed from a single material or a combination of differentmaterials. For example, one side of a custom sole member may be formedfrom a polymer whereas the opposing side may be formed from foam. Inaddition, specific regions may be formed from different materialsdepending upon the anticipated forces experienced by each region.

Furthermore, in some embodiments, each base sole layer of first group1543, second group 1545, third group 1547, and/or fourth group 1549 mayextend continuously (e.g., without breaks or gaps) through each offorefoot region, midfoot region, and heel region. In addition, in oneembodiment, each base sole layer of first group 1543, second group 1545,third group 1547, and/or fourth group 1549 may extend in a substantiallycontinuous manner between the lateral side and the medial side. In otherwords, in some embodiments, the base sole layers can extend in acontinuous manner throughout a horizontal plane and include noapertures. Thus, the material comprising the heel portion of each basesole layer may be selected to provide the desired level of heelcushioning for the next article of footwear purchased by the customer.In FIG. 15 , for example, employee 1100 can select a base sole layerfrom one of the bins that is associated with a level “2” heel-cushioninglevel.

In addition, in some other embodiments, different materials can be usedwith different portions of a sole. In an exemplary embodiment, portionsof a sole can be filled with additional material or components toprovide different types of cushioning, feel, and flexibility for a solemember. For example, in one embodiment, a core portion of a sole membermay comprise a fluid-filled member, such as an air bladder. In anotherembodiment, one or more portions of a sole member could include hollowcavities capable of receiving fluid or other materials. In someembodiments, one or more apertures may be filled in with a differentmaterial to enhance the cushioning characteristics of the resulting solemember.

FIG. 16 illustrates an embodiment of a process of assembling an upper1602 with a third sole member 1604 to manufacture a second article offootwear (see FIG. 14 ). Third sole member 1604 does not includeapertures, in contrast to second sole member 1304 (see FIG. 13 ).Rather, in some embodiments, the material comprising third sole member1604 corresponds to a third level of heel cushioning. The third level ofheel cushioning is identified as a means of distinguishing thecushioning relative to first sole member 704 (see FIG. 7 ) which, forpurposes of illustration, was associated with a first level of heelcushioning, and second sole member 1304, which was associated with asecond level of heel cushioning. Thus, the third level of heelcushioning has a value that is different from the value associated withthe first level of heel cushioning or the second level of heelcushioning. In one embodiment, the third level of heel cushioning isfirmer or stiffer than the second level of heel cushioning, and softerthan the first level of heel cushioning. In some embodiments, thematerial comprising the heel portion of the third base sole layerprovides a sole member that has a softer level of heel cushioningrelative to first sole member 704 (see FIG. 7 ) or second sole member1304 (see FIG. 13 ). However, in other embodiments, the materialcomprising the third base sole layer provides a sole member that has afirmer or stiffer level of cushioning relative to first sole member 704(see FIG. 7 ) or second sole member 1304 (see FIG. 13 ).

It should be understood that while only upper 1602 and third sole member1604 are identified in FIG. 16 , the assembled article of footwear caninclude any other components associated with footwear including, but notlimited to, a midsole, insole, outsole, or other individual elementsassociated with footwear. In addition, while a last 1600 is illustratedin FIG. 16 , any other kind of assembling device may be used, includinga mold, a foundational element, a cast, or other such devices and/orpieces. Thus, as shown herein, third sole member 1604 is fixedlyattached to upper 1602.

Furthermore, in some other embodiments, additional modifications may bemade to a base sole layer to provide the desired degree of heelcushioning. In other words, while cushioning characteristics may beadjusted through either the formation of apertures (as shown in FIG. 12) or the selection of a particular material type (as shown in FIG. 15 ),in some embodiments, both of these techniques may be used to produce asole member with the desired level of heel cushioning. For example, inone embodiment, a fourth base sole layer may be selected with at leastthe heel portion being made of a particular material type (as shown inFIG. 15 ), and the fourth base sole layer may then be subsequentlydrilled to remove portions of material in the heel region (as shown inFIG. 12 ). In one embodiment, the desired general cushioningcharacteristics may initially determine the material type of the heelportion of the base sole layer selected, while the more specificcushioning characteristics desired may determine the inclusion of apattern of apertures in the heel portion, allowing production of a morefine-tuned customized sole member for an individual customer.

As noted above, in some embodiments, a manufacturer or another sourcemay provide a customer with a means of submitting his or her feedbackregarding the heel cushioning of the article of footwear to themanufacturer. FIG. 17 depicts an alternate embodiment of customer 710during use of an application 1750 on mobile device 900. In someembodiments, application 1750 can comprise a rating system forevaluating the first level of heel cushioning associated with thearticle of footwear that differs from the rating system in FIG. 9 . Inone embodiment, the rating system may comprise multiple aspects of theheel-cushioning characteristics a customer may evaluate. In other words,a rating system may request the user to consider various properties ofthe sole member in some embodiments. In some embodiments, as shown inthe example of FIG. 17 , application 1750 allows customer 710 to enterand/or select an assessment value corresponding to his or her evaluationof the current level of heel cushioning as represented by propertiesincluding, but not limited to, resilience, rigidity, shock absorption,comfort, or other properties associated with the sole member. Thus, inFIG. 17 , application 1750 requests customer 710 rate the heelcushioning along four different sliding scales. However, it should beunderstood that the format, presentation, and other parameters(including the specific query posed to the customer) of the ratingsystem may differ from that shown here in different embodiments. Inaddition, in other embodiments, the rating system may be provided to theuser in different ways. For example, a user may be provided with arating system via e-mail, a web browser, text (SMS), postal mail, at aretail store, or over the telephone.

Referring now to FIG. 18 , one embodiment of a first pair of footwear(“first pair”) 1800 is shown. First pair 1800 can be configured as anytype of footwear including, but not limited to, hiking boots, soccershoes, football shoes, sneakers, rugby shoes, basketball shoes, baseballshoes as well as other kinds of footwear. Each article of footwear infirst pair 1800 can comprise an upper 1802 and a sole structure 1825.Sole structure 1825 can be secured to upper 1802 and extend between thefoot and the ground when the article is worn. In different embodiments,sole structure 1825 may include different components. For example, solestructure 1825 may include an outsole, a midsole, and/or an insole. Insome cases, one or more of these components may be optional. In oneembodiment, each sole structure 1825 may include a sole member, asdescribed above.

Referring to FIG. 18 , first pair 1800 is a complementary pair offootwear, and includes a first article of footwear (“first article”)1850 for a left foot and a second article of footwear (“second article”)1820 for a right foot. As noted above, each of the two articles offootwear can comprise upper 1802 and sole structure 1825. In differentembodiments, sole structures may include different components.Specifically, in FIG. 18 , first article 1850 includes a firstcustomized sole member (“first member”) 1830, and second article 1820includes a second customized sole member (“second member”) 1840. Firstmember 1830 and second member 1840 are complementary with respect to oneanother. Each sole member is secured to respective upper 1802 (shown indotted lines) and extends between the foot and the ground when firstpair 1800 is worn by a user.

For purposes of this discussion, a complementary pair of articles refersto two articles of footwear that are designed to be worn as a pair byone user on a right foot and a left foot. Similarly, a complementarypair of sole members refers to two sole members that are designed orconfigured for use by one user on a left foot and a right foot.

Furthermore, for purposes of reference, a first upper surface 1860 isprovided on the upper side of first member 1830, and a second uppersurface 1862 is provided on the upper side of second member 1840. Inaddition, a first lower surface 1870 is provided on the bottom side offirst member 1830, and a second lower surface 1872 is provided on thebottom side of second member 1840. Extending along the perimeter andthickness between first upper surface 1860 and first lower surface 1870is a first sidewall 1880. Similarly, extending along the perimeter andthickness between second upper surface 1862 and second lower surface1872 is a second sidewall 1882. Together, first upper surface 1860,first lower surface 1870, and first sidewall 1880 comprise an exteriorsurface of first member 1830 Likewise, second upper surface 1862, secondlower surface 1872, and second sidewall 1882 together comprise anexterior surface of second member 1840.

Disposed along different portions of both first member 1830 and secondmember 1840 are apertures 150. Apertures 150 can extend through athickness of first member 1830 and second member 1840, as describedearlier. In some embodiments, apertures 150 may be disposed over amajority of the heel region of first member 1830 and/or second member1840. In other embodiments, apertures 150 may be disposed in only a fewportions of the heel region of first member 1830 and/or second member1840. In FIG. 18 , apertures 150 are shown formed along first uppersurface 1860 and second upper surface 1862. Thus, openings in the solemember surface are visible in different areas of the heel region offirst upper surface 1860 and second upper surface 1862. It should beunderstood that the bottom surface (not shown) of each sole member mayalso include holes. In some embodiments, the bottom surface may includeopenings corresponding to a second end of any through-hole aperturesthat have been formed in the sole member.

It should be understood that, in different embodiments, the designand/or configuration of the sole members in a complementary pair offootwear may vary. In some cases, they may vary in the arrangement,number, and/or size of apertures. In one embodiment, the sole memberscan be customized according to the heel-cushioning rating provided by acustomer for each article of a complementary pair of footwear. In otherwords, the configuration of sole members for a left foot or for a rightfoot may vary based on the heel cushioning properties desired by thecustomer for each foot.

As shown in FIG. 18 , second member 1840 includes apertures 150 disposedin a different configuration than first member 1830. In first member1830, apertures 150 are disposed along a first heel region 1814 in apattern of greater density relative to apertures 150 disposed along asecond heel region 1816 of second member 1840. Furthermore, first member1830 includes a substantially greater number of apertures 150 thansecond member 1840.

Thus, in some embodiments, a pair of articles may include sole membersthat differ with respect to the left foot and the right foot of a user.In other words, in different embodiments, the configuration of the solemember for a left foot may vary significantly with respect to theconfiguration of the sole member for a right foot. For purposes of thisdescription, “configuration” encompasses all features of the solemembers, including shape, size, number, orientation, and location ofapertures. It should be noted that in some conventional embodiments,shoes can be minor images of one another, including the sole members. Inother words, in some conventional embodiments, each article in a pair offootwear is generally symmetrical with respect to each another. However,while a pair of shoes of any type conventionally includes a right shoethat is a minor image of the left shoe, in order to provide the samefunctionality to corresponding portions of each foot, this may not beoptimal for users that require asymmetrical cushioning to optimize footmovement and comfort.

For purposes of this description, the terms “symmetric configuration”and “asymmetric configuration” are used to characterize pairs ofarticles and/or sole members of articles. As used herein, two solemembers have a symmetric configuration when the pair of sole members hassymmetry about some common axis. In other words, the pair of solemembers has a symmetric configuration when one sole member is a minorimage of the other sole member. In contrast, two sole members have anasymmetric configuration when there is no axis about which the solemembers have symmetry. In other words, the pair of sole members has anasymmetric configuration when the mirror image of one sole member is notidentical to the other sole member. For example, in one embodiment, theaperture pattern(s) associated with a “left” article are not the same asthe aperture pattern(s) on the complementary “right” article when thelower surface of the two sole members face one another in a mirror-imageconfiguration. Thus, asymmetric can mean the sole members have no axisabout which the aperture pattern(s) associated with two complementarysole members can be made symmetric (e.g., line up), or correspondexactly with one another.

It may be further understood that the characterizations of symmetric andasymmetric may be with reference to all features of the sole members, orwith reference to only some subset of features. In particular, given afeature of the sole members, the sole members may be considered assymmetric or asymmetric with respect to that feature. In the followingembodiments, for example, specific consideration is given to theasymmetry of the sole members with respect to one or more apertures inthe sole member. It should also be understood that while a pair ofarticles of footwear may generally include some level of asymmetry, theasymmetry described herein is primarily directed to asymmetry in thelocation or number, shape, size, geometry, and/or orientation ofapertures in the sole members. Asymmetry may also be provided byvariations in the stiffness or rigidity of the sole members. In someembodiments, this asymmetrical heel cushioning between first article1850 and second article 1820 may provide a more natural feel to a user.

Thus, it should be understood that the methods described herein withrespect to FIGS. 1-21 may be applicable to a second, complementaryarticle of footwear in different embodiments. In other words, in someembodiments, a manufacturer may provide a first pair of footwear to auser with a first level of heel cushioning, and the customer may providefeedback to the manufacturer regarding the heel cushioning in the leftarticle of footwear and the heel cushioning in the right article offootwear. Each of these ratings can be used to design and provide a newpair of footwear to the customer, where the heel cushioning associatedwith each of the two articles in the new pair of footwear may differfrom each other or be substantially similar.

In different embodiments, the cushioning characteristics of a solemember may be adjusted through other variations in material comprisingthe sole member. As noted above, the cushioning of a sole member may bevaried through the removal of material in different portions of the solemember. Referring now to FIGS. 19-21 , three additional examples of solemembers with customized cushioning characteristics are depicted. In someembodiments, a sole member may include other or additional means ofdecoupling or varying the cushioning characteristics through the heelregion of the sole member. For example, as will be discussed in detailfurther below, a sole member may include one or more incisions thatdecouple or otherwise alter the cushioning characteristics of the solemember.

In FIG. 19 , an embodiment of a third customized member (“third member”)1930 for an article of footwear is illustrated. For purposes ofreference, a third upper surface 1960 is provided on the upper-facingside of third member 1930, and a third lower surface 1970 is provided onthe bottom-facing side of third member 1930. Extending along theperimeter and thickness between third upper surface 1960 and third lowersurface 1970 is a third sidewall 1980. Together, third upper surface1960, third lower surface 1970, and third sidewall 1980 comprise anexterior surface of third member 1930.

Similar to FIG. 18 , apertures 150 are disposed throughout a rearwardportion of third member 1930. Apertures 150 can extend through athickness of third member 1930, as described earlier. In someembodiments, apertures 150 may be disposed over a majority of the heelregion of third member 1930. In other embodiments, apertures 150 may bedisposed in only a few portions of the heel region of third member 1930.In FIG. 19 , apertures 150 are shown formed along third upper surface1960. Thus, openings in the sole member surface are visible in differentareas of the heel region of third upper surface 1960. It should beunderstood that the bottom surface (not shown) of the sole member mayalso include holes. In some embodiments, the bottom surface may includeopenings corresponding to a second end of any through-hole aperturesthat have been formed in the sole member, for example.

As shown in FIG. 19 , third member 1930 includes apertures 150 arrangedin three columns extending in a direction substantially parallel tolongitudinal axis 780. In FIG. 19 , each column is generally spacedapart at regular intervals from neighboring apertures. However, itshould be understood that in other embodiments the apertures may bearranged closer together or further apart than depicted here.

In addition, FIG. 19 provides an example of an additional means by whichthe cushioning characteristics of a sole member may be varied. As notedabove, in some embodiments, a sole member may include one or moreincisions 1950. For purposes of this description, incisions 1950 areopenings, apertures, holes, tunnels, or spaces that are disposed withina sole member. Incisions 1950 can comprise a void in some embodiments.As will be discussed further below, in some embodiments, incisions 1950are initially formed along an exterior or outer surface of a solemember, and can extend any distance, and along any orientation, throughan interior portion (e.g., the thickness, breadth, or width) of the solemember. It should be understood that the terms exterior or outer surfacewith reference to a sole member do not necessarily indicate whether thesole member is actually exposed to the outer elements. Instead, an outersurface or exterior surface refers to the outermost, outward-facinglayer of the sole member. Throughout the specification, it should beunderstood that characteristics being described as associated with asingle aperture or aperture set can also characterize any other incisionor set of incisions that may be referred to in the various embodiments.

In some embodiments, incisions 1950 can provide means for decoupling orsoftening portions of a sole member in order to enhance its cushioningcharacteristics. In different embodiments, incisions 1950 can bearranged to increase responsiveness, comfort, resilience, shockabsorption, elasticity, and/or stability present in a portion of thelayer. Furthermore, incisions 1950 can be formed in various portions ofa layer to produce regions between adjacent portions of the layer thatare better able to articulate or bend with respect to one another. Forexample, in some cases, incisions 1950 can be formed in side portionsand a lower portion of a sole member to reduce the cross-sectionalprofile of the sole member at particular regions and/or to facilitateincreased flexibility between various portions of the sole member. Inone embodiment, incisions 1950 can be applied to side portions and anupper portion to form regions between adjacent portions of the solemember that articulate or bend with respect to one another. It should beunderstood that the methods described above with respect to theformation of apertures may be utilized in the formation of incisions.Thus, in some embodiments, incisions may be formed through laser cuttingor other cutting processes, as noted above.

In different embodiments, incisions 1950 can have different dimensions.In one embodiment, incisions 1950 have a generally elongated shape, suchthat the length of the incision is substantially greater than its width.In other embodiments, incisions 1950 may include a wide variety of othergeometries, including regular and irregular shapes. In some embodiments,different incisions 1950 may each be associated with a variety ofdepths, where each depth may be chosen to impart specific aesthetic orfunctional properties to a cushioning member. In some embodiments,incisions 1950 can be provided on or through a lower surface (nearer tothe ground-contacting surface) or an upper surface (nearer to an upper)of the sole member. In other cases, incisions 1950 can be provided on orthrough a side surface of the sole member. In one embodiment, incisions1950 can be provided on or through the sidewall surfaces of the solemember as well as on the lower surface and the upper surface of the solemember.

Generally, incisions 1950 can comprise various slits or cuts arranged ina variety of orientations and in a variety of locations on or throughthe sole member. In some embodiments, one or more incisions 1950 canextend in a direction generally aligned with a vertical axis through athickness of the sole member. Thus, in one embodiment, an incisioncomprises an opening (i.e., gaps or spaces) along an exterior surface ofthe sole member. In other words, incisions 1950 may extend from aninitial cut along an exterior surface to form slits of varying depthsthrough the thickness of a sole member. Incisions 1950 may be blind-slitincisions in some embodiments, where only one end of each of theincision is open or exposed, while the opposite end of each of theincision remains enclosed within the thickness of the element (i.e.,only one end of each incision may be exposed on an exterior surface ofthe element). However, in other embodiments, incisions 1950 may bethrough-hole slits, such that an incision includes two exposed ends, andboth ends are “open” along an exterior surface of the sole member. Forpurposes of this disclosure, incisions 1950 are generally narrow andlong, in contrast to apertures 150, which are generally cylindricalholes. Thus, in some embodiments, incisions 1950 may be substantiallynarrow or thin, such that adjacent sides of the interior of the solemember material associated with the incision may touch or press againstone another when the incision is compressed or closed.

In different embodiments, incisions 1950 may have a variety of regularand irregular shapes. In some embodiments, incisions 1950 may formstraight lines, curved lines, arcs, wavy lines, ellipses, circles,triangles, squares, rectangles, pentagons, and hexagons, for example.Similarly, incisions 1950 may form different shapes such that one iscircular and another is a straight line, for example. In someembodiments, incisions 1950 may comprise a series of repeating straightline or curved line cuts through the sole member, or another incisionshape may be repeated as series of overlapping or neighboring rings (seeFIG. 20 ).

In different embodiments, incisions 1950 may be arranged along a solemember along varying orientations. In some embodiments, a sole membermay only include incisions 1950 extending along one direction. However,in other embodiments, incisions 1950 can be arranged at varyingdirections with respect to other incisions 1950. For example, in FIG. 19, incisions 1950 include a substantially longitudinally oriented firstset 1952 and a substantially laterally oriented second set 1954. It canbe seen that in some cases, two or more incisions may intersect. In FIG.19 , first set 1952 and second set 1954 together form a type of gridarrangement, intersecting at multiple points along heel region 725. Thegrid arrangement may provide a wearer with a more uniform cushioning inheel region 725 in some embodiments.

Furthermore, as noted above, the depth of an incision may vary.Depending on, for example, the optimum level of cushioning, the incisiondepth may be greater in sole members where a greater degree ofcushioning is desired. Similarly, if less cushioning is desired, theincision depth may be relatively less (i.e., an incision may be moreshallow). In FIG. 19 , an isometric cutaway view 1910 provides anillustration of two possible depth selections of incisions 1950. Incutaway view 1910, a third set 1956 of incisions 1950 and a fourth set1958 of incisions 1950 are shown in heel region 725, where each of theincisions extend from third upper surface 1960 toward third lowersurface 1970. Third set 1956 is disposed further rearward relative tofourth set 1958 in this embodiment, though in other embodiments, thesets may be formed elsewhere in heel region 725. For purposes ofclarity, cutaway view 1910 only illustrates a portion of laterallyoriented second set 1954. In other words, regions of second set 1954shown in cutaway view 1910 are shown in isolation, and do not includeportions of incisions 1950 associated with longitudinally oriented firstset 1952. However, it should be understood that the varying depths asdescribed herein can be applicable to incisions 1950 arranged along anyorientation. Thus, incisions 1950 of longitudinally oriented first set1952 (or any of the types of incisions described herein) may also be cutor formed to extend along different depths, as shown in the exampleprovided in cutaway view 1910.

In different embodiments, some blind-slit incisions 1950 may be cut toextend between 10% and 75% of the thickness of the sole member. In someembodiments, blind-slit incisions 1950 may be cut to extend between 20%and 60% of the thickness of the sole member. In FIG. 19 , as oneexample, two different depths are illustrated. In fourth set 1958,incisions 1950 extend approximately 25% through the thickness of thirdmember 1930, while in third set 1956, incisions 1950 extendapproximately 50% through the thickness of third member 1930. In someembodiments, the increased depth of third set 1956 relative to fourthset 1958 may be associated with a greater level of cushioning along theregion associated with third set 1956. In other embodiments, the depthsof the incisions may be varied to form other patterns throughout thesole member. In some embodiments, each incision formed can have adifferent depth. In other embodiments, the depth of incisions 1950 canoscillate (i.e., gradually increasing and/or gradually decreasing) in adirection. In one embodiment, there may be a staggered arrangement,where every other incision is a first size, and other, neighboringincisions are a second size. Furthermore, it can be seen that incisions1950 can overlap or merge with apertures 150 in some embodiments to formregions of increased cushioning in some embodiments. However, apertures150 may also be spaced apart from incisions 1950 in some embodiments.

Referring now to FIG. 20 , another example of a cushioning configurationis illustrated in a fourth customized sole member (“fourth member”)2030. In fourth member 2030, incisions 1950 include a series ofconcentric rings formed along heel region 725. While there are sevenconcentric rings depicted in FIG. 20 , it should be understood that inother embodiments, any number of rings may be included. In addition, thespacing between each ring may be increased or decreased. Furthermore,some portions of each incision can overlap, merge with, surround, and/orintersect with one or more apertures 150 in some embodiments, as shownin FIG. 20 . It may also be understood that while substantially ovalrings are depicted in fourth member 2030, any other shape may be formedin the sole member in other embodiments.

In different embodiments, multiple incisions 1950 can be arrangedadjacent to one another to form various geometric shapes or patternsthrough the sole member. In FIG. 21 , an additional example of acushioning configuration is shown in a fifth customized sole member(“fifth member”) 2130. In fifth member 2130, incisions 1950 include aseries of substantially linear slits formed along heel region 725. Fifthmember 2130 includes three columns of longitudinally oriented incisions1950, including a first column 2152, a second column 2154, and a thirdcolumn 2156. In some embodiments, incisions 1950 can be oriented alongother directions. As shown in FIG. 21 , fifth member 2130 also includesa plurality of diagonally oriented incisions, including a fifth set 2110of incisions and a sixth set 2120 of incisions, where the incisions offifth set 2110 are oriented in a direction substantially aligned with afirst diagonal axis 2170, and wherein the incisions of sixth set 2120are oriented in a direction substantially aligned with a second diagonalaxis 2180. Thus, in some embodiments, incisions 1950 can criss-cross orform a lattice-like arrangement, intersecting at various anglesthroughout heel region 725.

Furthermore, apertures 150 may be arranged to correspond or complementthe arrangement of incisions 1950 in some embodiments. Generally, it canbe understood that the length of each incision extends a distancebetween a first end and a second end. As shown in FIG. 21 , the firstend of each incision is disposed adjacent to an aperture, and the secondend of the incision is disposed adjacent to an aperture. In other words,incisions may be formed to extend between or lie between two aperturesin some embodiments. In one embodiment, incisions may be specificallyconfigured to extend between one aperture and another aperture,providing a kind of hollowed bridge or slit-type connection between thetwo apertures. In different embodiments, this can allow apertures 150and incisions 1950 to interact with and provide a combined effect toallow a specialized cushioning response in the sole member.

In addition, in some embodiments, apertures 150 and incisions 1950 canform a cooperative support system in fifth member 2130. In someembodiments, this arrangement can provide improved comfort in fifthmember 2130, as well as increased responsiveness and durability. Thisconfiguration may also, for example, more readily distribute forcesthroughout fifth member 2130 in heel region 725.

Thus, in the present embodiments, the operation of the sole member caninvolve providing a material variance in the element through theinclusions of elongated or narrow cuts of material (slits) through thesole member comprising varying shapes and depths. As described abovewith respect to FIGS. 19-21 , in some embodiments, the cut-outs caninvolve a removal of material from the element, thereby providing softerand/or cushioned regions in the portions that include the incisions.

Providing a customer with a means of customizing heel cushioning canprovide a variety of benefits to the customer. In some embodiments, theuse of custom sole members in orthotics for an article of footwear canhelp support weakened areas of a foot and assist the user in each step.While a relatively rigid material, as may be included in a custom solemember, can provide functional support to the foot, softer or moreflexible regions associated with apertures can absorb the loads put onthe foot and provide protection. Such softer or cushioned regions canbetter absorb the loads placed on a foot, increase stabilization, andtake pressure off uncomfortable or sore spots of the feet.

Other embodiments or variations of custom sole members may include otheraperture patterns or various combinations of the above-discloseddesigns. In different embodiments, each customized sole member mayinclude further variations not depicted in the figures. Some variationsmay include differences in shape, size, contour, elevations,depressions, curvatures, and other variations of the sole member. Inother words, the custom sole members depicted herein are merely intendedto provide an example of the many types of heel cushioning sole memberconfigurations that fall within the scope of the present discussion.

Furthermore, in different embodiments, sole members as well as anyapertures and/or incisions in the sole members discussed herein may beformed using any other method known in the art. In some embodiments, anyremoval process (i.e., where a portion of a material is removed,subtracted, eliminated, etc.) may be used to form one or more aperturesand/or incisions (e.g., apertures 150 and/or incisions 1950). Forexample, in some embodiments, a mechanical process may be usedincluding, but not limited to, ultrasonic machining, water jetmachining, abrasive jet machining, abrasive water jet machining, ice jetmachining, and/or magnetic abrasive finishing. In other embodiments,chemical processes may be utilized including, but not limited to,chemical milling, photochemical milling, and/or eletropolishing. Inaddition, in some embodiments, electrochemical processes may be used. Inother embodiments, thermal processes can be used, such aselectrodischarge machining (EDM), laser beam machining, electron beammachining, plasma beam machining, and/or ion beam machining, or otherprocesses. In another embodiment, hybrid electrochemical processes canbe utilized including, but not limited to, electrochemical grinding,electrochemical honing, electrochemical superfinishing, and/orelectrochemical buffing. In one embodiment, hybrid thermal processes maybe used, such as electroerosion dissolution machining. In otherembodiments, the material comprising the sole member may be modifiedusing chemical processes, including temperature changes (e.g., freezingthe material). Furthermore, the processes for forming the aperturesand/or incisions may be applied or utilized after the article offootwear has been assembled, or the sole member has been associated withan upper or sole structure. In other words, the formation of aperturesand/or incisions in a sole member may occur during a post-manufacturingprocess in the article of footwear.

Embodiments may include a customization cycle to optimize the value of astructural characteristic in the heel region (e.g., the cushioningcharacteristics of the heel region). Some of the embodiments describedherein discuss modifying the materials and/or the material variance ofthe heel region through voids (apertures) or incisions, in the solemember. Embodiments may include one or more of the methods, processes,structures, features and/or systems disclosed in: (a) Cook et al., U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/055,129, filed Feb. 26, 2016, and titled“Method of Customizing Forefoot Cushioning in Articles of Footwear,” (b)Cook et al., U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/055,086, filed Feb. 26,2016, and titled “Method of Customizing Stability in Articles ofFootwear,” and (c) Cook et al., U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/055,016, filed Feb. 26, 2016, and titled “Method of CustomizingArticles of Footwear;” all of these applications are hereby incorporatedby reference in their entirety. It should be understood that otherembodiments of the customization cycle can involve any of the methods,systems, processes, or features of the systems and/or methods discussedin the applications above.

While various embodiments have been described, the description isintended to be exemplary, rather than limiting, and it will be apparentto those of ordinary skill in the art that many more embodiments andimplementations are possible that are within the scope of theembodiments. Although many possible combinations of features are shownin the accompanying figures and discussed in this detailed description,many other combinations of the disclosed features are possible. Anyfeature of any embodiment may be used in combination with or substitutedfor any other feature or element in any other embodiment unlessspecifically restricted. Therefore, it will be understood that any ofthe features shown and/or discussed in the present disclosure may beimplemented together in any suitable combination. Accordingly, theembodiments are not to be restricted except in light of the attachedclaims and their equivalents. Also, various modifications and changesmay be made within the scope of the attached claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for customizing an article of footwear,comprising: receiving data on a customer computing system for generatingan evaluation system for evaluating heel cushioning of a first articleof footwear; receiving a customer-selected evaluation of the heelcushioning of the first article of footwear on the customer computingsystem; and transmitting, from the customer computing system to amanufacturer or third party computing system, data including thecustomer-selected evaluation of the heel cushioning for the firstarticle of footwear.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein theevaluation system provides an evaluation scale through which a customerenters information relating to the customer-selected evaluation of theheel cushioning for the first article of footwear.
 3. The methodaccording to claim 2, wherein the evaluation scale receives informationfrom the customer relating to the heel cushioning of the first articleof footwear over a sliding scale ranging between “too soft” and “toofirm.”
 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation systemprovides multiple evaluation scales through which a customer entersinformation relating to properties of the heel cushioning for the firstarticle of footwear.
 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein themultiple evaluation scales include: (i) a first scale for providingresilience property information, (ii) a second scale for providingrigidity property information, (iii) a third scale for providing shockabsorption property information, and (v) a fourth scale for providingcomfort property information.
 6. The method according to claim 1,wherein the customer-selected evaluation of the heel cushioning of thefirst article of footwear corresponds to a first iteration of acustomization cycle, and wherein the method further comprises:generating on the customer computing system an evaluation system forevaluating heel cushioning of a second article of footwear in a seconditeration of the customization cycle; receiving a customer-selectedevaluation of the heel cushioning of the second article of footwear onthe customer computing system; and transmitting, from the customercomputing system to a manufacturer or third party computing system, dataincluding the customer-selected evaluation of the heel cushioning of thesecond article of footwear.
 7. The method according to claim 6, whereinthe first article of footwear includes a first pattern of apertures in aheel region of a first sole member of the first article of footwear,wherein the second article of footwear includes a second pattern ofapertures in a heel region of a second sole member of the second articleof footwear, and wherein the second pattern differs from the firstpattern.
 8. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:generating on the customer computing system an evaluation system forevaluating heel cushioning of a third article of footwear in a thirditeration of the customization cycle; receiving a customer-selectedevaluation of the heel cushioning of the third article of footwear onthe customer computing system; and transmitting, from the customercomputing system to a manufacturer or third party computing system, dataincluding the customer-selected evaluation of the heel cushioning of thethird article of footwear.
 9. A system for customizing an article offootwear comprising: a computing system configured to generate anevaluation system for evaluating heel cushioning of a first article offootwear; an information entry system configured to receivecustomer-selected evaluation information of the heel cushioning of thefirst article of footwear; and a transmission system to transmit thecustomer-selected evaluation information of the heel cushioning of thefirst article of footwear to a manufacturer or third party.
 10. Thesystem according to claim 9, wherein the computing system, theinformation entry system, and the transmission system comprise portionsof a mobile computing device.
 11. The system according to claim 10,wherein the mobile computing device is a smartphone or a cell phone. 12.The system according to claim 10, wherein the mobile computing device isa tablet or a laptop.
 13. The system according to claim 10, wherein theevaluation system is generated by an application program running on themobile computing device.
 14. The system according to claim 9, whereinthe evaluation system provides an evaluation scale through which acustomer enters the customer-selected evaluation information of the heelcushioning for the first article of footwear.
 15. The system accordingto claim 14, wherein the evaluation scale receives information from thecustomer relating to the heel cushioning of the first article offootwear over a sliding scale ranging between “too soft” and “too firm.”16. The system according to claim 9, wherein the evaluation systemprovides multiple evaluation scales through which a customer entersinformation relating to properties of the heel cushioning for the firstarticle of footwear.
 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein themultiple evaluation scales include: (i) a first scale for providingresilience property information, (ii) a second scale for providingrigidity property information, (iii) a third scale for providing shockabsorption property information, and (v) a fourth scale for providingcomfort property information.
 18. The system according to claim 9,wherein the customer-selected evaluation information of the heelcushioning of the first article of footwear corresponds to a firstiteration of a customization cycle, and wherein the computing systemfurther: generates an evaluation system for evaluating heel cushioningof a second article of footwear in a second iteration of thecustomization cycle; receives customer-selected evaluation informationof the heel cushioning of the second article of footwear; and transmitsdata including the customer-selected evaluation information of the heelcushioning of the second article of footwear to a manufacturer or thirdparty.
 19. The system according to claim 18, wherein the first articleof footwear includes a first pattern of apertures in a heel region of afirst sole member of the first article of footwear, wherein the secondarticle of footwear includes a second pattern of apertures in a heelregion of a second sole member of the second article of footwear, andwherein the second pattern differs from the first pattern.
 20. Thesystem according to claim 18, wherein the computing system further:generates an evaluation system for evaluating heel cushioning of a thirdarticle of footwear in a third iteration of the customization cycle;receives a customer-selected evaluation information of the heelcushioning of the third article of footwear; and transmits dataincluding the customer-selected evaluation information of the heelcushioning of the third article of footwear to a manufacturer or thirdparty.